Acorns can be deadly to cattle

While out in the woods this past weekend, I discovered that there seems to be a lot of acorns this year.  This is always a good sign for deer hunters but not such a good thing for beef cattle producers!  Acorn poisoning generally deals its most severe blow in the months of September and early October.  During the fall and periods of decreased forage availability, cattle may seek out acorns as a food source.  All cattle will consume acorns.  The poison in acorns (tannins) concentrates in the milk; therefore, fast-growing calves (400-700 lbs) on heavy milking dams will be the first animals to show signs.  Some cattle may consume acorns and experience no ill effects, while others suffer severe complications.  Older cattle will rarely show signs of acorn toxicity. 

Early signs associated with acorn poisoning are related to gastrointestinal problems.  These include poor appetite, black or bloody diarrhea, and occasional constipation.  As the disease progresses, signs of kidney failure will present themselves.  Since there is no specific antidote for acorn poisoning, treatment is limited and all efforts should be made for prevention.  The best practice for prevention of acorn poisoning is to keep cattle from coming into contact with the culprit.  Fencing off woodlots where oaks are prevalent is the best way to prevent exposure.  If you suspect acorn poisoning, remove cattle from the source and contact your veterinarian.